We always comment on the achievements of James Webb, it was put into operation on July 12, 2022 and it seems that we have had it since yesterday and it has been working for a few years and giving us wonderful discoveries, in fact, it promised and is delivering, to improve the observation capabilities of the Hubble telescope and more, the Hubble is designed to see certain things and the James Webb others so they complement each other.
The James Web is capable of capturing that, planets like the Earth and can even capture their atmospheres, although it has its limitations, and it will not last forever, it is expected to last between 5 to 10 years, depending on how the engineers manage to make a few caroms so that it works a little longer, but the question is later, what can be launched after James Webb.
There are two amazing projects and the one that has been in the news since September 2 is the statement from the Redsellar Polytechnic Institute in New York, which in collaboration with NASA has analyzed this telescope design. The truth is that the design is quite simple, I have not obtained more precise data, but the idea is simple, it is a design, according to them, it is radically different that seeks to design a telescope to capture worlds like the Earth, orbiting stars like the Sun and also try to capture many more of the scope of James Webb.
The idea would be to have a repertoire, a catalog of worlds like the Earth in stars similar to the Sun in a distance within a radius of 30 light years. Until now, the most common way to discover planets beyond the solar system is the transit method. When a planet passes in front of its star, we can then detect a small eclipse, a dip in the star's light. This small eclipse is caused by the planet that passes in front of it and it is even possible, if it is not too far away, to capture the light that passes through the planet's atmosphere. and analyze the gas composition of said atmosphere, that is, if the planet has an atmosphere and if it is translucent, an atmosphere like, for example, the Earth has, because if the atmosphere is very dense, like that of Venus, then that atmosphere would act like a block and would not let the light of its star pass through it.
With this method it turns out that the larger the planet, the smaller the star and the closer the planet is to the star, the easier it will be to detect it. It is not the same as a bat passing in front of a light bulb at night, or a mosquito passing in front of a powerful spotlight. Most known planets are red dwarf types.
In addition, they are the planets that tend to be closest to their star. Most of the discovered planets orbit their star closer than Mercury is to the Sun, therefore, finding a world like Earth that orbits much further away and also orbits the sun, which is a much larger and brighter star than a red dwarf, is a very complicated task, it is like discovering that mosquito that passes in front of the spotlight.
With current technology, to discover more worlds like ours within a radius of 30 light years, we would need a space telescope with a circular mirror 20 meters in diameter, which would mean about 314 m² of surface area, something that is out of the reach of current technology and even if it were achieved, it would be extremely expensive and putting it into orbit would be crazy.
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